Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Immune heterogeneity-driven therapeutic responses to platelet-rich plasma and TRPV1 antagonism in osteoarthritis

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1799766

Figure Lengend Snippet: Joint and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) biomarkers of peripheral sensitization after PRP, TRPV1 antagonism, or combination therapy in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model rats.

Article Snippet: For immunophenotyping and mechanistic readouts, primary antibodies included iNOS (Abcam, ab15323), CD86 (Proteintech, 30691-1-AP), CD206 (Proteintech, 18704-1-AP), and Arg1 (Proteintech, 16001-1-AP) for macrophage polarization; TRPV1 (Alomone Labs, ACC-030), NaV1.8 (Alomone Labs, ASC-016), CGRP (Abcam, ab36001), phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4370), and total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4695) for DRG sensitization signaling; and c-Fos (Cell Signaling Technology, 2250), Iba1 (FUJIFILM Wako, 019-19741), and GFAP (Dako/Agilent, Z0334) for dorsal horn neuronal and glial activation.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Increased expression of developmental Nav1.3 promotes hippocampal CA3 hyperexcitability in early-stage 5xFAD mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.28.741298

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Representative confocal images of dorsal hippocampus CA3 showing c-Fos (green, top), Nav1.3 + (red, middle), and merged channels (yellow, bottom) for WT and 5xFAD at 3 months (left) and 7 months (right). The inset on the top-left panel indicates the CA3 subregion delineated using the Allen Brain Atlas where c-Fos/Nav1.3 were quantified. Scale bar = 400 μm. b) Quantification of neuronal activation in CA3, shown as c-Fos + cells per 1000 μm 2 . c-Fos expression was higher in 3-month 5xFAD mice than in 3-month WT mice or 7-month 5xFAD mice (two-way ANOVA genotype x age interaction: F(1, 8) =12.0, p = 0.009; post-hoc Sidak: 5xFAD 3 months vs WT 3 months, p =0.015; 5xFAD 3 months vs 5xFAD 7 months, p = 0.049). c) Quantification of Nav1.3/c-Fos colocalization, shown as the percentage of c-Fos + neurons that are Nav1.3 +. The genotype x age interaction was not significant for colocalization, but there was a significant main effect of genotype, with higher Nav1.3/c-Fos co-expression at 3 months in 5xFAD mice vs age-matched WT controls (F(1, 8) = 11.8, p = 0.009); post-hoc Sidak’s comparisons indicate increased colocalization in 3-month 5xFAD mice relative to 3-month WT (p = 0.035). No other comparisons reached significance. Data are mean ± SD; n = 3 mice per group, 9 fields analyzed per mouse.

Article Snippet: An anti-Nav1.3 antibody (rabbit polyclonal; Alomone Labs #ASC-004; Jerusalem, Israel) was used, directed against an epitope in the C-terminal region of Nav1.3.

Techniques: Confocal, Activation Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Increased expression of developmental Nav1.3 promotes hippocampal CA3 hyperexcitability in early-stage 5xFAD mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.28.741298

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Schematic of mossy fiber terminal (red) contact (red arrowhead, right) on CA3 pyramidal cell dendritic spine (light blue). Inset (left) shows an enlarged representation of mossy terminal-CA3 spine contact b) Representative pre-embedding immuno-electron micrographs showing Nav1.3 in a mossy-fiber terminal (top, presynaptic) and a CA3 dendritic spine (bottom, postsynaptic). Purple arrowheads indicate silver-intensified immunogold (SIG) labeling for Nav1.3. Scale bar = 400 nm. c) Quantification of Nav1.3 SIG particles from 50 MFTs in WT and 5xFAD mice at 3 and 7 months. Data are mean ± SD; n = 3 mice per group. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant genotype x age interaction (F(1, 8) = 7.68, p = 0.024). Post-hoc Sidak comparisons showed increased Nav1.3 SIG particles in MFTs from 3-month 5xFAD mice compared with 3-month WT mice (p = 0.007); no other pairwise comparisons reached significance. d) Quantification of postsynaptic Nav1.3 SIG particles per 50 CA3 spines per mouse per condition. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant effect of genotype p = 0.42, age p = 0.96, or interaction p = 0.58; n= 3 mice per group.

Article Snippet: An anti-Nav1.3 antibody (rabbit polyclonal; Alomone Labs #ASC-004; Jerusalem, Israel) was used, directed against an epitope in the C-terminal region of Nav1.3.

Techniques: Labeling, Transmission Electron Microscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Increased expression of developmental Nav1.3 promotes hippocampal CA3 hyperexcitability in early-stage 5xFAD mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.28.741298

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a-c) Representative confocal images showing GCaMP6s expression (green, a), Nav1.3 immunolabeling (red, b) and merged channel (yellow, c) in dorsal CA3 following viral delivery. Arrowheads indicate examples of GCaMP6s + neurons with reduced Nav1.3 labeling after Nav1.3-shRNA; panel C also shows the implanted fiber tract (dashed outline) used for photometry. Scale bar = 400 μm d) Quantification of CA3 calcium activity (AUC/1000 frames) in 3-month-old WT, 5xFAD, 5xFAD+scrambled-shRNA, and 5xFAD+Nav1.3-shRNA mice. 3-month WT and 5xFAD data from are replotted for comparison. Nav1.3 knockdown significantly reduced CA3 activity relative to both untreated 5xFAD and 5xFAD+scrambled controls. Data are mean ± SD; n = 6-7 mice per group. One-way ANOVA was used to assess treatment effects at 3 months (F (3, 21) = 5.63, p = 0.005), followed by post-hoc tests (Tukey) for pairwise comparisons: 5xFAD vs 5xFAD+Nav1.3-shRNA, p = 0.030; 5xFAD+scrambled vs 5xFAD+Nav1.3-shRNA, p = 0.032; WT vs 5xFAD, p = 0.047. WT vs 5xFAD+Nav1.3-shRNA, p = 0.987. WT and 5xFAD here are the 3-month subset re-analyzed by one-way ANOVA, so the WT and 5xFAD p-value differs from the full two-way model in ).

Article Snippet: An anti-Nav1.3 antibody (rabbit polyclonal; Alomone Labs #ASC-004; Jerusalem, Israel) was used, directed against an epitope in the C-terminal region of Nav1.3.

Techniques: Confocal, Expressing, Immunolabeling, Labeling, shRNA, Activity Assay, Comparison, Knockdown, Immunofluorescence